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Chapter 1: Exploring Life
1	01_01UnifyingThemesOfBio_T
2	01_03aBiologicalOrg_CL
3	01_03bBiologicalOrg_CL
4	01_04EcosysEnergyFlow_CL
5	01_07DNAGeneticMaterial_L
6	01_06DNADirectsDev_CL
7	01_10CellProteinInteract_L
8	01_11NegativeFeedback_L
9	01_12PositiveFeedback_L
10	01_14ClassifyingLife_L
11	01_15ThreeDomains_CL
12	01_16EukaryoticCilia_CL
13	01_20NaturalSelectionSumm_L
14	01_21NaturalSelectionEx_L
15	01_23GalapagosFinches_L
16	01_25ScientificExperiment_L
17	01_27CoralAndKingSnakes_CL
18	01_29MimicPredationRates_L
19	01_30BloodFlowModel_L
Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life
1	02_01HumanBodyElements_T
2	02_04HeliumModels_L
3	02_05RadioactiveTracers_L
4	02_07EnergyLevels_L
5	02_08ElectronShells_L
6	02_09ElectronOrbitals_L
7	02_10CovalentBondForm_L
8	02_11FourCovalentBonds_L
9	02_12PolarCovalentBonds_L
10	02_13IonicBonding_L
11	02_14SodiumChloride_CL
12	02_15HydrogenBond_L
13	02_16MolecularShapes_L
14	02_17MolecularMimic_L
15	02_UN44HydrogenReaction_L
16	02_UN46Molecules_L
Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment
1	03_02WaterMolecules_L
2	03_03WaterTransport_CL
3	03_05IceStructure_L
4	03_06DissolvingSalt_L
5	03_07WaterSolubleProtein_L
6	03_08pHScale_L
7	03_09AcidPrecipitation_CL
8	03_UN48UnlikelyMolecules_L
9	03_UN53WaterDissociation_L
Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
1	04_03SimpleMoleculeShapes_L
2	04_04OrganicValences_L
3	04_05CarbonSkeletons_L
4	04_06FatMolecule_CL
5	04_07OrganicIsomers_L
6	04_08Enantiomers_L
7	04_09SexHormones_CL
8	04_10aOrganicCompounds_T
9	04_10bOrganicCompounds_T
10	04_UN61UreaMolecule_L
11	04_UN67aSugarMolecules_L
12	04_UN67bAsymmetricCarbon_L
13	04_UN67cMissingFuncGroup_L
14	04_UN67dStrongerAcidA_L
15	04_UN67eStrongerAcidB_L
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
1	05_01ProteinFunctions_T
2	05_02Polymers_L
3	05_03Monosaccharides_L
4	05_04GlucoseLinearRing_L
5	05_05Disaccharides_L
6	05_07StarchCelluloseStruc_L
7	05_06StoragePolysacchar_CL
8	05_08CelluloseArrange_CL
9	05_10Chitin_CL
10	05_10ChitinStructure_L
11	05_11FatStructure_L
12	05_12SaturatedUnsatFats_CL
13	05_13PhospholipidStructur_L
14	05_14PhospholipidBehavior_L
15	05_15Cholesterol_L
16	05_16EnzymeCatalyticCycle_L
17	05_17aNonpolarAminoAcids_L
18	05_17bPolarAminoAcids_L
19	05_18PolypeptideChain_L
20	05_19Lysozyme_L
21	05_20aPrimaryStructure_L
22	05_20bSecondaryStructur_CL
23	05_20dTertiaryStructure_L
24	05_20eQuarternaryStructur_L
25	05_20ProteinStructureLvls_L
26	05_21SickleCellDisease_CL
27	05_22ProteinDenaturation_L
28	05_23ChaperoninAction_L
29	05_24XRayCrystallogrphy_CL
30	05_25CellInfoFlow_L
31	05_26NucleicAcidComponent_L
32	05_27DNADoubleHelix_L
33	05_UN78AminoAcidFormula_L
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
1	06_01CytoskeletonStructur_T
2	06_02CellSizeRange_L
3	06_03LightMicroscopy_CL
4	06_05CellFractionation_L
5	06_06ProkaryoticCell_CL
6	06_07SurfaceVolumeRatio_L
7	06_08PlasmaMembrane_CL
8	06_09aAnimalCell_L
9	06_09bPlantCell_L
10	06_10Nucleus_CL
11	06_11Ribosomes_CL
12	06_12EndoplsmcReticulum_CL
13	06_13GolgiApparatus_CL
14	06_14Lysosomes_CL
15	06_15PlantCellVacuole_CL
16	06_16EndomembraneSystem_1_L
17	06_16EndomembraneSystem_2_L
18	06_16EndomembraneSystem_3_L
19	06_16EndomembraneSystem_L
20	06_17Mitochondrion_CL
21	06_18Chloroplast_CL
22	06_20Cytoskeleton_CL
23	06_21MotorProteins_CL
24	06_22CentrosomeStructur_CL
25	06_23FlagellaAndCilia_CL
26	06_24FlagellumStructure_CL
27	06_25DyneinWalking_L
28	06_27Motility_L
29	06_28PlantCellWalls_CL
30	06_29ExtracellularMatrix_L
31	06_31IntercellJunctions_CL
Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function
1	07_01PlasmaMembrane_L
2	07_02PhospholipidBilayer_L
3	07_03FluidMosaicModel_L
4	07_04FreezeFracture_CL
5	07_05MembraneFluidity_L
6	07_06MembProteinMovement_L
7	07_07PlasmaMembrane_L
8	07_08TransmembraneProtein_L
9	07_09MembProteinFunctions_L
10	07_10MembraneSynthesis_L
11	07_11DiffusionMembrane_L
12	07_12Osmosis_L
13	07_13WaterBalance_L
14	07_15FacilitatedDiffusion_L
15	07_16SodiumPotassiumPump_L
16	07_17Transport_L
17	07_18ElectrogenicPump_L
18	07_19Cotransport_L
19	07_20Endocytosis_CL
20	07_UN140ArtificialCell_L
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
1	08_05_FreeEnergyChange_L
2	08_06ExergonicEndergonic_L
3	08_07HydroelectricAnalogy_L
4	08_08ATPStructure_L
5	08_09ATPHydrolysis_L
6	08_10EnergyCoupling_L
7	08_11HowATPDrivesCellWork_L
8	08_12ATPCycle_L
9	08_13HydrolysisOfSucrose_L
10	08_14ExergonicReaction_L
11	08_15EnzymeAction_L
12	08_16EnzymeInducedFit_L
13	08_17CatalyticCycle_L
14	08_18EnzymeEnvironFactors_L
15	08_19EnzymeInhibition_L
16	08_20AllostericRegulation_L
17	08_21FeedbackInhibition_L
18	08_22Mitochondria_CL
19	08_UN141MetabolicPathway_L
20	08_UN159BranchedPathway_L
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
1	09_02EcosystemRecycling_L
2	09_03MethaneCombustRedox_L
3	09_04NADElectronShuttle_L
4	09_05ElectronTransChains_L
5	09_06CellRespiration_1_L
6	09_06CellRespiration_2_L
7	09_06CellRespiration_3_L
8	09_06CellRespiration_L
9	09_07Phosphorylation_L
10	09_08GlycolysisEnergy_L
11	09_09aGlycolysisInvest_1_L
12	09_09aGlycolysisInvest_2_L
13	09_09aGlycolysisInvest_L
14	09_09bGlycolysisPayoff_1_L
15	09_09bGlycolysisPayoff_2_L
16	09_09bGlycolysisPayoff_L
17	09_10PyruvateToAcetylCoA_L
18	09_11CitAcidCycleOverview_L
19	09_12CitricAcidCycle_1_L
20	09_12CitricAcidCycle_2_L
21	09_12CitricAcidCycle_3_L
22	09_12CitricAcidCycle_4_L
23	09_12CitricAcidCycle_L
24	09_13ElectronTransport_L
25	09_14ATPSynthase_L
26	09_15Chemiosmosis_L
27	09_16ATPYieldPerGlucose_L
28	09_17Fermentation_L
29	09_18PyruvateInCatabolism_L
30	09_19Catabolism_L
31	09_20RespirationControl_L
32	09_UN161aRedoxReactNaCl_L
33	09_UN161bGenRedoxReaction_L
34	09_UN162aRedoxProcess_L
35	09_UN162bDehydrogenase_L
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
1	10_02Photoautotrophs_CL
2	10_03Chloroplast_CL
3	10_04TrackingAtoms_L
4	10_05PhotosynthOverview_1_L
5	10_05PhotosynthOverview_2_L
6	10_05PhotosynthOverview_3_L
7	10_05PhotosynthOverview_L
8	10_06ElectromagSpectrum_L
9	10_07WhyLeavesAreGreen_L
10	10_08AbsorptionSpectrum_L
11	10_09PhotosynthWavelength_L
12	10_10ChlorophyllStructure_L
13	10_11ExcitingChlorophyl_CL
14	10_12HarvestingLight_L
15	10_13NoncyclicElectron_1_L
16	10_13NoncyclicElectron_2_L
17	10_13NoncyclicElectron_3_L
18	10_13NoncyclicElectron_4_L
19	10_13NoncyclicElectron_5_L
20	10_13NoncyclicElectron_L
21	10_14LightReactions_L
22	10_15CyclicElectronFlow_L
23	10_16ChemiosmosisCompared_L
24	10_17ThylakoidMembrane_L
25	10_18CalvinCycle_1_L
26	10_18CalvinCycle_2_L
27	10_18CalvinCycle_3_L
28	10_18CalvinCycle_L
29	10_19C4Pathway_L
30	10_20C4andCAMPhotosynth_CL
31	10_21PhotosynthReview_L
32	10_UN200ChloroplastExp_L
Chapter 11: Cell Communication
1	11_02YeastCellSignaling_L
2	11_03DirectCommunication_L
3	11_04CellCommunication_L
4	11_05CellSignalingOver_1_L
5	11_05CellSignalingOver_2_L
6	11_05CellSignalingOver_3_L
7	11_05CellSignalingOver_L
8	11_06IntracellReceptor_L
9	11_07aGProtLinkReceptors_L
10	11_07bTyrosineKinases_L
11	11_07cIonChannelReceptors_L
12	11_08PhosphorylatCascade_L
13	11_09CyclicAMP_L
14	11_10cAMPSecondMessenger_L
15	11_11CalciumIonConcentrat_L
16	11_12CalciumSignalPath_1_L
17	11_12CalciumSignalPath_2_L
18	11_12CalciumSignalPath_3_L
19	11_12CalciumSignalPath_L
20	11_13CytoplasmicResponse_L
21	11_14NuclearResponse_L
22	11_15CellSignalSpecific_L
23	11_16ScaffoldingProtein_L
Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle
1	12_02CellDivFunctions_CL
2	12_04ChromosomeDuplicat_CL
3	12_05CellCycle_L
4	12_06aMitoticDivision_CL
5	12_06bMitoticDivision_CL
6	12_07MitoticSpindle_CL
7	12_08AnaphaseKinetochor_CL
8	12_09Cytokinesis_CL
9	12_10PlantCellMitosis_CL
10	12_11BinaryFission_1_L
11	12_11BinaryFission_2_L
12	12_11BinaryFission_3_L
13	12_11BinaryFission_L
14	12_12MitosisEvolution_L
15	12_13CellCycleRegulation_L
16	12_14MechAnalogyCellCycle_L
17	12_15G1Checkpoint_L
18	12_16G2Checkpoint_L
19	12_17FibroblastCellDiv_CL
20	12_18CellDivInhibition_CL
21	12_19MalignantTumorGrowth_L
Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
1	13_03KaryotypePrep_CL
2	13_04DuplicatedChromosome_L
3	13_05HumanLifeCycle_L
4	13_06SexualLifeCycles_L
5	13_07MeiosisOverview_L
6	13_08aAnimalMeiosisOne_L
7	13_08bAnimalMeiosisTwo_L
8	13_09MitosisVMeiosis_L
9	13_10IndependentAssort_L
10	13_11CrossingOver_L
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
1	14_01PeaPlantCharacters_T
2	14_02ABObloodGroup_T
3	14_02CrossingPeaPlants_L
4	14_03PurpleWhiteFlowers_L
5	14_04Alleles_L
6	14_05LawOfSegregation_1_L
7	14_05LawOfSegregation_2_L
8	14_06PhenotypeVsGenotype_L
9	14_07Testcross_L
10	14_08IndependentAssort_L
11	14_09PunnettSquare_L
12	14_10IncompleteDominance_L
13	14_11Epistasis_L
14	14_12PolygenicInheritance_L
15	14_14PedigreeAnalysis_L
16	14_17AmnioAndCVS_L
17	14_UN259Probabilities_T
18	14_UN273AlkaptPedigree_L
Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
1	15_02MendelAndChromosmes_L
2	15_04WildMutantDrosX_L
3	15_05LinkedGenes_L
4	15_06RecombLinkedGenes_L
5	15_07ConstructLinkageMap_L
6	15_08DrosLinkageMap_L
7	15_09SexDetermination_L
8	15_10XLinkedInheritance_L
9	15_11XChromInactivation_CL
10	15_12Nondisjunction_L
11	15_14ChromosomalMutations_L
12	15_16TranslocationCML_L
13	15_17GenomicImprinting_L
14	15_UN278DrosophilaTestX_L
15	15_UN278UnlinkedGenes_L
Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
1	16_01BactRepProteins_T
2	16_02GriffithExperiment_L
3	16_04HersheyChaseExper_L
4	16_05DNAStrand_L
5	16_07DNADoubleHelix_L
6	16_08DNABasePairing_L
7	16_09DNAReplication_1_L
8	16_09DNAReplication_2_L
9	16_09DNAReplication_3_L
10	16_09DNSReplication_4_L
11	16_10AltDNARepModels_L
12	16_11MeselsonStahlExper_L
13	16_12EukDNARepOrigins_CL
14	16_13AddingNucelotides_L
15	16_14LeadLagStrands_L
16	16_15LaggingStrand_1_L
17	16_15LaggingStrand_2_L
18	16_15LaggingStrand_3_L
19	16_15LaggingStrand_4_L
20	16_15LaggingStrand_5_L
21	16_15LaggingStrand_6_L
22	16_16BactDNARep_L
23	16_17DNAExcisionRepair_L
24	16_18DNAShortening_L
25	16_UN298NitrogenBases_L
Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein
1	17_01TypesOfEukaryoticRNA_T
2	17_02ArginineBiosynthesis_L
3	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_1_L
4	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_2_L
5	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_3_L
6	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_4_L
7	17_03GeneticInfoFlow_5_L
8	17_04GeneInfoFlowTriplet_L
9	17_05GeneticCode_L
10	17_07aTranscription_1_L
11	17_07aTranscription_2_L
12	17_07aTranscription_3_L
13	17_07aTranscription_4_L
14	17_07bTranscripElongation_L
15	17_08TranscripInitiation_L
16	17_09RNAProcessingCapTail_L
17	17_10RNASplicing_L
18	17_11snRNPsSpliceosomes_L
19	17_12ExonsDomains_L
20	17_13Translation_L
21	17_14tRNAStructure2D_L
22	17_14tRNAStructure3D_L
23	17_15tRNAAminoAcidLink_L
24	17_16RibosomeStructure_CL
25	17_17TranslationInitiat_L
26	17_18TranslationElong_L
27	17_19TranslationTerminat_L
28	17_20Polyribosomes_CL
29	17_21ProteinToER_L
30	17_22BacteriaGeneExpress_L
31	17_23PointMutation_L
32	17_24BasePairSubstitution_L
33	17_25FrameshiftMutation_L
34	17_26GeneExpressOverview_L
Chapter 18: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
1	18_01AnimalViruses_T
2	18_02VirusBactAnimalCell_L
3	18_05ViralReproCycle_L
4	18_06T4LyticCycle_L
5	18_07LamdaLyticLysoCycle_L
6	18_08EnvRNAVirusLifeCycle_L
7	18_09HIVStructure_L
8	18_10HIVReproduction_CL
9	18_13PrionPropagation_L
10	18_14BactChromReplication_L
11	18_15BactGeneTransferExp_L
12	18_16Transduction_1_L
13	18_16Transduction_2_L
14	18_18ConjRecombination_1_L
15	18_18ConjRecombination_2_L
16	18_18ConjRecombination_3_L
17	18_18ConjRecombination_4_L
18	18_19TransposableElements_L
19	18_20MetabolismRegulation_L
20	18_21aTrpOperon_L
21	18_21bTrpOperon_1_L
22	18_21bTrpOperon_2_L
23	18_22aLacOperon_L
24	18_22bLacOperon_L
25	18_23LacOperonCAP_L
26	18_UN358BactViralGrowth_L
Chapter 19: Eukaryotic Genomes: Organization, Regulation, and Evolution 
1	19_01GlobinSimilarity_T
2	19_02ChromatinPacking_L
3	19_03EukGeneExpRegulation_L
4	19_04HistoneModification_L
5	19_05EukGeneTranscript_L
6	19_06ActivatorAction_L
7	19_07CellSpecificGeneReg_L
8	19_08AltRNASlicing_L
9	19_09miRNAGeneReg_L
10	19_10ProteosomeActivity_L
11	19_11OncogeneMutation_L
12	19_12CellCyclRegulation_1_L
13	19_12CellCyclRegulation_2_L
14	19_12CellCyclRegulation_3_L
15	19_13CancerDevelopment_L
16	19_14HumanDNATypes_L
17	19_16EukTransposableElem_L
18	19_17GeneFamilies_L
19	19_18GeneDupUnequalXOver_L
20	19_19GeneFamilyEvolution_L
21	19_20ExonShuffling_L
Chapter 20: DNA Technology and Genomics
1	20_01GenomeDiversity_T
2	20_02GeneCloningOverview_L
3	20_03MakingRecombinantDNA_L
4	20_04GeneCloning_1_L
5	20_04GeneCloning_2_L
6	20_04GeneCloning_3_L
7	20_05NucleicAcidProbe_L
8	20_06GenomicLibraries_L
9	20_07PCR_L
10	20_08GelElectrophoresis_CL
11	20_09RFLPAnalysis_L
12	20_10SouthernBlotting_L
13	20_11GenomeMapping_L
14	20_12DideoxyChainTerminat_L
15	20_13ShotgunSequencing_L
16	20_14MicroassayGeneActiv_L
17	20_15RFLPMarkers_L
18	20_16RetroviralGeneTherap_L
19	20_19TiPlasmid_L
20	20_UN388aGeneProbe_L
21	20_UN388bGeneProbe_L
Chapter 21: The Genetic Basis of Development
1	21_04DevelopmentStages_L
2	21_05TotipotentPlantCells_L
3	21_06NuclearTransplantat_L
4	21_07MammalReproCloning_L
5	21_09StemsCells_L
6	21_10DetermDifferentiat_1_L
7	21_10DetermDifferentiat_2_L
8	21_10DetermDifferentiat_3_L
9	21_11EarlyEmbryoDevelInfo_L
10	21_12DrosophilaDevelop_L
11	21_14DrosBicoidGene_CL
12	21_15CElegansCellFate_CL
13	21_16NematodeDevelopment_L
14	21_18MolBasisApostosis_L
15	21_20FlowerDevelopment_CL
16	21_21MeristemInduction_L
17	21_23HomeoticGenes_L
18	21_24HoxEcpression_L
19	21_UN425HierachGeneAction_T
Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
1	22_02DarwinHistoryContext_L
2	22_05BeagleVoyage_CL
3	22_07ElephantPhylogeny_L
4	22_10ArtifSelection_CL
5	22_12ReznikEndlerGuppies_L
6	22_13EvolHIVDrugResistanc_L
7	22_14Homology_L
8	22_16HemoglobinHomology_L
9	22_17ConvergentEvolution_L
Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations
1	23_03CaribouPopDistrib_CL
2	23_04MendelHardyWeinberg_L
3	23_05HardyWeinbergTheorem_L
4	23_07GeneticDrift_L
5	23_08BottleneckEffect_CL
6	23_10AllopatChromVariat_CL
7	23_11GeographicVariation_L
8	23_12ModesOfSelection_L
9	23_13BalancedPolymorphism_L
10	23_14SelectExperiment_CL
11	23_16SexVAsexReproduction_L
Chapter 24: The Origin of Species
1	24_02AnaVCladogenesis_L
2	24_04ReproBarriers_CL
3	24_05AllopatSympatSpeciat_L
4	24_07AllopatSpecExper_L
5	24_08SympatSpeciation_L
6	24_09AllopolyploidSpeciat_L
7	24_10SympatSexSelChichlid_L
8	24_12AdaptiveRadiation_CL
9	24_13PunctEqVGradualism_L
10	24_14MolluscEyes_L
11	24_15AllometricGrowth_L
12	24_16Heterochrony_CL
13	24_18HoxGenesTetrapodEvol_L
14	24_1918HoxGenesVertEvol_L
15	24_20HorseEvolution_L
Chapter 25: Phylogeny and Systematics
1	25_03StrataFormation_L
2	25_06AligningDNA_L
3	25_07MolecularHomoplasy_L
4	25_08HierarchClassific_L
5	25_09CarnivoraPhylogeny_L
6	25_10MonoParaPolyphyly_L
7	25_11Cladogram_L
8	25_12Phylogram_L
9	25_13UltrametricTrees_L
10	25_14TreesDiffLikelihoods_L
11	25_15aParsimonySystematic_L
12	25_15bParsimonySystematic_L
13	25_16ParsimonyHomoAnalogy_L
14	25_17HomologousGenes_L
15	25_18TreeOfLife_L
16	25_UN497aPhyloTrees_L
17	25_UN497bPhyloTrees_L
Chapter 26: The Tree of Life: An Introduction to Biological Diversity 
1	26_01GeologicalRecord_T
2	26_02MillerExperiment_L
3	26_04Protobionts_CL
4	26_05Ribiozyme_L
5	26_07RadiometricDating_L
6	26_08DiversityMassExtinct_L
7	26_09ImpactCrater_CL
8	26_10EarthHistoryClock_L
9	26_13Endosymbiosis_L
10	26_17CambrianRadiation_L
11	26_18CrustalPlates_L
12	26_19PlateBoundaries_L
13	26_20ContinentalDrift_L
14	26_21FiveKingdoms_L
15	26_22aPhylogeny_L
16	26_22bPhylogeny_L
17	26_UN521EarthHistoryClock_L
18	26_UN522EarthHistoryClock_L
19	26_UN523EarthHistoryClock_L
20	26_UN525EarthHistoryClock_L
21	26_UN526EarthHistoryClock_L
Chapter 27: Prokaryotes 
1	27_01ProkNutritionalModes_T
2	27_02ThreeDomains_T
3	27_03GramStaining_CL
4	27_06ProkFlagellum_CL
5	27_12ProkPhylogeny_L
Chapter 28: Protists
1	28_01ProtistDiversity_T
2	28_03PlastidDiversity_L
3	28_04EukPhylogeny_L
4	28_06EuglenaFlagellus_CL
5	28_08Euglena_CL
6	28_11PlasmodiumLifeCycl_CL
7	28_12ParamecStructFunc_CL
8	28_14WaterMoldLifCycl_1_CL
9	28_14WaterMoldLifCycl_2_CL
10	28_14WaterMoldLifCycl_3_CL
11	28_21LaminariaLifeCycle_CL
12	28_26PlasSlimMoldLifCyc_CL
13	28_27DictyostelLifCyc_CL
14	28_31ChlamyLifeCycle_CL
Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
1	29_01ExtantPlantPhyla_T
2	29_04PlantClades_L
3	29_05MeriAndAltGenerat_CL
4	29_05SporanGametEmbryo_CL
5	29_06FossilSporeSporophy_L
6	29_07PlantPhylogeny_L
7	29_08MossLifeCycle_1_CL
8	29_08MossLifeCycle_2_CL
9	29_08MossLifeCycle_3_CL
10	29_09BryophyteDiversity_CL
11	29_10SphagnumSignificant_L
12	29_11FossilVascularPlant_L
13	29_12FernLifeCycle_L
14	29_13LeafEvolution_L
15	29_UN573PlantPhylogeny_L
16	29_UN580BryophytePhylo_L
17	29_UN584SeedlessPhylo_L
18	29_UN586HomoAndHeterospor_L
Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
1	30_01SeedPlantsMeds_T
2	30_02GametoSporophyte_L
3	30_03OvuleToSeed_L
4	30_06PineLifeCycle_1_L
5	30_06PineLifeCycle_2_L
6	30_06PineLifeCycle_3_L
7	30_07FlowerStructure_L
8	30_10AngiospermLifeCycl_1_L
9	30_11AngioSisterGroup_CL
10	30_12AngiosDiversity_CL
11	30_12MonocotsVDicots_CL
12	30_UN593PlantPhylogeny_L
13	30_UN607PlantPhylogeny_L
Chapter 31: Fungi
1	31_01FungalPhyla_T
2	31_02FungusStructure_CL
3	31_03HyphaeStructure_L
4	31_04SpecializedHyphae_CL
5	31_05FungiLifeCycle_1_L
6	31_05FungiLifeCycle_2_L
7	31_05FungiLifeCycle_3_L
8	31_06Penicillium_CL
9	31_09FungalPhylogeny_L
10	31_11FlagellLossHomoplasy_L
11	31_12ZygomyceteLifCycle_CL
12	31_17AscomyceteLifCycl_CL
13	31_20BasidioLifCycl_CL
14	31_24AscoLichenStruct_CL
15	31_UN613aFungalPhylogeny_L
16	31_UN613bFungalPhylogeny_L
17	31_UN615FungalPhylogeny_L
18	31_UN616FungalPhylogeny_L
19	31_UN618FungalPhylogeny_L
20	31_UN625GraveLichen_UP
Chapter 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity
1	32_02AnimalEmbryoDevel_1_L
2	32_02AnimalEmbryoDevel_2_L
3	32_02AnimalEmbryoDevel_3_L
4	32_03Choanoflagellate_L
5	32_04AnimalOrigins_L
6	32_07BodySymmetry_L
7	32_08TriploblasticBauplan_L
8	32_09ProtDeutDevelopment_L
9	32_10AnimalPhylogeny_L
10	32_11AnimalPhylogenyMolec_L
11	32_13Lophotrochozoan_CL
Chapter 33: Invertebrates
1	33_01CnidariaClasses_T
2	33_02AnimalPhylogeny_L
3	33_02FlatwormClasses_T
4	33_03MolluscaClasses_T
5	33_04AnnelidClasses_T
6	33_04SpongeAnatomy_CL
7	33_05ArthropodSubphyla_T
8	33_05PolypMedusa_L
9	33_06EchinodermClasses_T
10	33_06HydraCnidocyte_L
11	33_07AnimalPhyla_T
12	33_08ObeliaLifeCycle_1_CL
13	33_08ObeliaLifeCycle_2_CL
14	33_08ObeliaLifeCycle_3_CL
15	33_10PlanarianAnatomy_L
16	33_11BloodFlukeLifCycl_CL
17	33_12TapewormAnatomy_CL
18	33_16MolluscaBodyPlan_L
19	33_19GastropodTorsion_L
20	33_21ClamAnatomy_L
21	33_29ArthropodAnatomy_L
22	33_32SpiderAnatomy_L
23	33_35GrasshopperAnatomy_L
24	33_37InsectDiversityA_L
25	33_37InsectDiversityB_L
26	33_39SeaStarAnatomy_L
Chapter 34: Vertebrates
1	34_02ChordatePhylogeny_L
2	34_03ChrodateCharacters_L
3	34_04TunicateStructure_CL
4	34_06LanceletVertHoxgenes_L
5	34_07NeuralCrest_L
6	34_08PrimitiveChordates_CL
7	34_11Conodont_L
8	34_12JawlessArmoredFish_L
9	34_13JawEvolution_L
10	34_14EarlyGnathostomes_L
11	34_16TroutAnatomy_L
12	34_19Acanthostega_L
13	34_20TetrapodOrigin_L
14	34_23AmniotePhylogeny_L
15	34_24AmnioteEgg_L
16	34_28WingStructureFunct_CL
17	34_29Archaeopteryx_L
18	34_32MammalJawEarEvol_L
19	34_35MetaEutheriaConverge_L
20	34_36MammalDiversity_L
21	34_36MammalPhylogeny_L
22	34_38PrimatePhylogeny_L
23	34_41HominidTimeline_L
24	34_42BipedalBeforeBrain_CL
25	34_UN673ChordatePhylo_L
26	34_UN674ChordatePhylo_L
27	34_UN676ChordatePhylo_L
28	34_UN678ChordatePhylo_L
29	34_UN680ChordatePhylo_L
30	34_UN682ChordatePhylo_L
31	34_UN685ChordatePhylo_L
32	34_UN688ChordatePhylo_L
33	34_UN694ChordatePhylo_L
Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
1	35_02AngiospermStructure_L
2	35_06SimpleVCompoundLeaf_L
3	35_09PlantCellDiversity_CL
4	35_10PrimarySecondGrowth_L
5	35_11PlantGrowth_L
6	35_12PrimaryRootGrowth_CL
7	35_17LeafAnatomy_CL
8	35_18StemGrowth_1_CL
9	35_18StemGrowth_2_CL
10	35_18StemGrowth_3_CL
11	35_19CambiumCellDivision_L
12	35_20TreeTrunkAnatomy_L
13	35_21Arabidopsis_L
14	35_22PlaneSymmetryCellDiv_L
15	35_23PreprophaseBand_CL
16	35_24PlantCellExpansion_CL
17	35_31ABChypothesis_L
Chapter 36: Transport in Vascular Plants
1	36_02VascPlantTransport_1_L
2	36_02VascPlantTransport_2_L
3	36_02VascPlantTransport_3_L
4	36_02VascPlantTransport_4_L
5	36_03ProtonPump_L
6	36_04PlantCellSoluteTrans_L
7	36_05WaterPotential_L
8	36_06CellVEnvPsi_L
9	36_08CellTransport_L
10	36_09RootLateralTransport_L
11	36_12Transpiration_L
12	36_13XylemSapFlow_L
13	36_15GuardCellFunction_L
14	36_17SucroseLoading_L
15	36_18PressureFlow_L
Chapter 37: Plant Nutrition
1	37_01PlantEssentialNutri_T
2	37_02PlantNutrientUptake_L
3	37_03Hydroponics_L
4	37_04PlantMineralDefSymp_L
5	37_06SoilToRootHair_L
6	37_09PlantBactNitrogen_1_L
7	37_09PlantBactNitrogen_2_L
8	37_09PlantBactNitrogen_3_L
9	37_11SoybeanRootNodule_L
10	37_12Mycorrhizae_CL
Chapter 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
1	38_02AngiospermReproduct_L
2	38_03FloralVariation_CL
3	38_04AngioGametophytes_L
4	38_05SelfFertBarriers_L
5	38_06DoubleFertilization_L
6	38_07EudicotEmbryogenesis_L
7	38_08SeedStructure_L
8	38_09FruitDevelopment_L
9	38_10SeedGermination_L
Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
1	39_01PlantHormones_T
2	39_03SignalTransduction_L
3	39_04PlantSigTransduct_1_L
4	39_04PlantSigTransduct_2_L
5	39_04PlantSigTransduct_3_L
6	39_05PhototropismExper_L
7	39_06ColeoptilePhotropism_L
8	39_08AuxinResponse_L
9	39_13EthyleneResponse_L
10	39_14EthyleneMutants_L
11	39_15EthyleneMutants_L
12	39_16Abscission_CL
13	39_17PhototropicExper_L
14	39_18PfPfrGermination_CL
15	39_19PhytochromeStructure_L
16	39_20PhytochromeSwitch_L
17	39_22DarkPeriodInterrupt_L
18	39_23PhotoperiodResponse_L
19	39_24FloweringHormone_L
20	39_25Gravitropism_CL
21	39_29HerbivoryDefense_L
22	39_30AvrRGenes_L
23	39_31SARresponse_L
24	39_UN804PfPfrConversion_L
Chapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
1	40_01OrganSystems_T
2	40_03SurfaceArea_L
3	40_04ExchangeSurfaces_CL
4	40_05ConnectStructFunc_CL
5	40_05EpithelStructFunc_CL
6	40_05MuscleStructFunc_CL
7	40_06StomachTissueLayer_CL
8	40_07Bioenergetics_L
9	40_08_CL
10	40_09MaxMetabolicRates_L
11	40_10EnergyBudgets_L
12	40_11NegativeFeedback_L
13	40_12EndoEctoThermoreg_L
14	40_13HeatExchange_L
15	40_14IntegumentarySystem_L
16	40_15CountercurrentHea_L
17	40_16AquaticThermoreg_L
18	40_17MothThermoregulation_L
19	40_20HawkmothWarmup_L
20	40_21HypothalamThermostat_L
21	40_22BeldingSquirrel_CL
Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition
1	41_01EssentialVitamins_T
2	41_02EssentialMinerals_T
3	41_03BloodSugarBalance_L
4	41_05AppetiteRegulation_L
5	41_10ComplementaryProtein_L
6	41_12FoodProcessing_L
7	41_13HydraDigestion_L
8	41_14GITractDiversity_L
9	41_15HumanDigestiveSystem_L
10	41_16SwallowPeristalsis_1_L
11	41_16SwallowPeristalsis_2_L
12	41_16SwallowPeristalsis_3_L
13	41_17HumanStomach_CL
14	41_19HumanDuodenum_L
15	41_20ProteaseActivation_L
16	41_21HumDigestEnzymeChart_L
17	41_22DigestHormoneRegulat_L
18	41_23SmallIntestineStruct_L
19	41_24FatDigestAbsorb_L
20	41_26TeethRevealDiet_L
21	41_27GITractComparison_CL
22	41_28RuminantDigestion_L
Chapter 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange
1	42_02CnidariaGastrovasc_CL
2	42_03CirculatorySystems_L
3	42_04VertCirculatorySyst_L
4	42_05MammalCirculatorySys_L
5	42_06MammalHeart_L
6	42_07CardiacCycle_L
7	42_08HeartRhythm_L
8	42_09BloodVessels_CL
9	42_10VenousBloodFlow_CL
10	42_11BloodPressFlowArea_L
11	42_12MeasureBP_1_L
12	42_12MeasureBP_2_L
13	42_12MeasureBP_3_L
14	42_12MeasureBP_4_L
15	42_13CapillaryBeds_CL
16	42_14FluidExchange_CL
17	42_15BloodComposition_L
18	42_16BloodCellDevelopment_L
19	42_17BloodClotting_CL
20	42_19GasExchange_L
21	42_20GillDiversity_CL
22	42_21FishGills_L
23	42_22TrachealSystems_CL
24	42_23MammalRespSystem_CL
25	42_24NegPressureBreathing_L
26	42_25BirdRespSystem_CL
27	42_26AutonomBreathControl_L
28	42_27GasExchange_L
29	42_28HemoglobinOxygen_L
30	42_29OxygenDissocCurves_L
31	42_30CarbDioxTransort_L
32	42_UN897FetalMaternOxyDis_L
Chapter 43: The Immune System
1	43_01BloodTransfusion_T
2	43_02ImmunityOverview_L
3	43_04Phagocytosis_L
4	43_05LymphaticSystem_L
5	43_06LocalInflammation_L
6	43_07Epitopes_L
7	43_08AntigenReceptors_L
8	43_09TcellsAndMHC_L
9	43_10LymphocyteDevelop_L
10	43_11IgGeneRearranement_L
11	43_12ClonalSelection_L
12	43_13ImmuneMemory_L
13	43_14AquiredImmunity_1_L
14	43_14AquiredImmunity_2_L
15	43_14AquiredImmunity_3_L
16	43_15HelperTcells_CL
17	43_16CytotoxicTcells_CL
18	43_17HumoralResponse_1_CL
19	43_17HumoralResponse_2_CL
20	43_17HumoralResponse_3_CL
21	43_18TypesOfIg_L
22	43_19AntigenDisposal_L
23	43_20AllergicResponse_CL
Chapter 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion
1	44_03Osmoregulation_L
2	44_05WaterBalance_L
3	44_06CamelWaterbalance_L
4	44_07BirdSaltExcretGlands_L
5	44_08NitrogenousWastes_L
6	44_09ExcretorySystFunct_L
7	44_10Protonephridia_L
8	44_11Metanephridia_L
9	44_12MalpighianTubules_L
10	44_13MammalExcretSyst_CL
11	44_14Nephron_L
12	44_15UrineConcentration_1_L
13	44_15UrineConcentration_2_L
14	44_15UrineConcentration_3_L
15	44_16KidneyHormoneControl_L
Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System
1	45_01aEndocGlandsHypo_T
2	45_01bEndocGlandsPanc_T
3	45_02HormonControlPathway_L
4	45_03HormoneSignaling_L
5	45_04CellSpecificResponse_L
6	45_06HumanEndocGlands_L
7	45_07PostPituitaryHormone_L
8	45_08AntPituitaryHormones_L
9	45_09T3T4FeedbackRegulat_L
10	45_11CalciumHomeostasis_L
11	45_12GlucoseHomeostasis_L
12	45_13StressAdrenals_L
13	45_15InsectDevelopment_1_L
14	45_15InsectDevelopment_2_L
15	45_15InsectDevelopment_3_L
Chapter 46: Animal Reproduction
1	46_03Parthenogenesis_CL
2	46_07FlatwormReproAnat_L
3	46_08InsectReproAnat_L
4	46_09aHumFemaleReproAnat_L
5	46_09bHumFemaleReproAnat_L
6	46_10aHumMaleReproAnat_L
7	46_10bHumMaleReproAnat_L
8	46_11Oogenesis_L
9	46_12Spermatogenesis_L
10	46_13FemaleReproCycle_L
11	46_14TestesHormoneControl_L
12	46_15EarlyPostfertiliz_L
13	46_16Placenta_L
14	46_18LaborInduction_L
15	46_19_LaborStages_L
16	46_20ContraceptiveMethods_L
17	46_UN986ParentCarEvolPhyl_L
Chapter 47: Animal Development
1	47_03AcrosomalCorticalRxn_L
2	47_04EggCaDistribution_CL
3	47_05FertilizationTimelin_L
4	47_06MammalEarlyFertEvent_L
5	47_08AmphibBodyAxesEstab_L
6	47_09FrogCleavage_CL
7	47_10ChickCleavage_L
8	47_11UrchinGastrulat_1_CL
9	47_11UrchinGastrulat_2_CL
10	47_11UrchinGastrulat_3_CL
11	47_12FrogGastrulation_L
12	47_13ChickGastrulation_L
13	47_14FrogOrganogenesis_CL
14	47_15ChickOrganogenesis_CL
15	47_16GermLayers_L
16	47_17ExtraembryonMembrane_L
17	47_18HumEarlyEmbryoDevel_L
18	47_19Morphogenesis_L
19	47_20ConvergentExtension_L
20	47_23FateMapping_CL
21	47_24GrayCrescent_L
22	47_25DorsalLipInduction_L
23	47_26VertLimbDevelop_CL
24	47_27PatternFormZPA_CL
Chapter 48: Nervous Systems
1	48_01Neurotransmitters_T
2	48_02NervousSystDiversity_L
3	48_03InfoProcessing_L
4	48_04KneeJerkReflex_L
5	48_05NeuronStructure_L
6	48_06NeuronDiversity_L
7	48_08SchwannMyelin_CL
8	48_09IntracellularRecord_L
9	48_10NeuronIonicGradients_L
10	48_11NeuronMembraneModel_L
11	48_12GradedActionPotent_L
12	48_13ActionPotGenerat_1_L
13	48_13ActionPotGenerat_2_L
14	48_13ActionPotGenerat_3_L
15	48_13ActionPotGenerat_4_L
16	48_13ActionPotGenerat_5_L
17	48_14ActionPotPropagation_L
18	48_15SaltatoryConduction_L
19	48_17ChemicalSynapse_L
20	48_18Summation_L
21	48_19VertNervousSystem_L
22	48_20VentriclesGrayWhite_L
23	48_21PNSorganization_L
24	48_22ANSorganization_L
25	48_23BrainDevelopment_L
26	48_24ReticularFormation_L
27	48_25BiologicalClock_L
28	48_26HumanCerebrum_L
29	48_27HumanCerebralCortex_L
30	48_28MotorSensoryCortices_L
31	48_30LimbicSystem_L
32	48_31SeaHareLearning_L
33	48_32VertebrateLTP_L
34	48_33AxonDevelopment_L
Chapter 49: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
1	49_01SkeletalMuscleFibers_T
2	49_02TwoMechanoreceptors_L
3	49_03HumSkinSenseReceptor_L
4	49_06InvertStatocyst_L
5	49_07InsectEar_CL
6	49_08HumanEarStructure_L
7	49_09CochleaTransduction_L
8	49_10CochleaPitch_L
9	49_11EarEquilibrium_L
10	49_12LateralLineSystem_L
11	49_13InsectTaste_L
12	49_14TasteTransduction_L
13	49_15HumanSmell_L
14	49_16PlanariaOcelli_L
15	49_17CompoundEyes_CL
16	49_18VertEyeStructure_L
17	49_19MammalFocusing_L
18	49_20RodStructFunc_L
19	49_21RodReceptorPotential_L
20	49_22RodBipolarCells_L
21	49_23VertebrateRetina_L
22	49_24VisionNeuralPathways_L
23	49_25EarthwormPeristaltic_L
24	49_26HumanSkeleton_1_L
25	49_26HumanSkeleton_2_L
26	49_27MuscleBoneMovement_L
27	49_28SkeletMuscleStruct_CL
28	49_29SlidingFilament_CL
29	49_30MyosinActinInterac_1_L
30	49_30MyosinActinInterac_2_L
31	49_30MyosinActinInterac_3_L
32	49_30MyosinActinInterac_4_L
33	49_31RegulatMusclContract_L
34	49_32TubuleSRMusclContrac_L
35	49_33ReviewMuscleContract_L
36	49_34MotorUnits_L
37	49_35TwitchSummation_L
38	49_37EnergyLocomotion_CL
Chapter 50: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
1	50_02KangarooDistribution_L
2	50_05BiogeographicRealms_L
3	50_06GeogDistribLimits_L
4	50_07GrackleSpread_CL
5	50_08PredatLimitsSeaweed_L
6	50_10AirCircRainPatterns_L
7	50_10SunIntensityLatVar_L
8	50_10SunIntensSeasonVar_L
9	50_10WindPatterns_L
10	50_11WaterModeratesTemp_L
11	50_12RainShadow_L
12	50_13LakeStratTurnover_1_L
13	50_13LakeStratTurnover_2_L
14	50_13LakeStratTurnover_3_L
15	50_13LakeStratTurnover_4_L
16	50_14ClimatChangTreeDist_L
17	50_15AquaticBiomes_L
18	50_16AquaticZonation_L
19	50_18Climograph_L
20	50_19TerrestrialBiomes_L
21	50_20aTerrestrialBiomes_CL
22	50_20bTerrestrialBiomes_CL
23	50_20cTerrestrialBiomes_CL
24	50_20dTerrestrialBiomes_CL
Chapter 51: Behavioral Ecology
1	51_01CrossFostering_T
2	51_03SignStimulusFAP_CL
3	51_04FishAggressiveBehav_L
4	51_05GraylagImprinting_L
5	51_07KinesisTaxis_L
6	51_09MinnowAlarmResponse_L
7	51_10BirdSongGenetic_CL
8	51_12DrosophDietMateChoic_L
9	51_14DiggerWaspLandmarks_L
10	51_15AssociativeLearning_L
11	51_19SpiderAggression_L
12	51_20DrosForagBehavEvol_L
13	51_21MigrationGenetics_L
14	51_22ForagingEnergyCosts_L
15	51_23BluegillFeeding_L
16	51_24MuleDeerForagPredat_L
17	51_28SexSelectImprinting_L
18	51_31MalePolymorphism_L
19	51_34CoeffRelatedness_L
20	51_35SquirrelKinSelect_CL
21	51_36GuppyMateChoice_L
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1	52_01SquirrelLifeTable_T
2	52_02PopulationDynamics_L
3	52_02SquirrelReproTable_T
4	52_03DispersionPatterns_CL
5	52_03LogisticGrowth_T
6	52_04SquirrelSurviorCurve_L
7	52_05SurvivorshipCurves_L
8	52_07KestralParentCare_L
9	52_09ExponGrowthPredict_L
10	52_10ExponGrowthElephant_L
11	52_11NandRateOfIncrease_L
12	52_12LogisticGrowth_L
13	52_13PopGrowthCurves_L
14	52_14PopEquilibDensity_L
15	52_15DensityUpReproDown_L
16	52_18PopulationStability_L
17	52_19XtremePopFluctuation_L
18	52_20SparrowImmigration_L
19	52_21LynxAndHare_L
20	52_22HumanPopGrowth_L
21	52_23HumPopPercentIncreas_L
22	52_24DemogTransitions_L
23	52_25AgeStructPyramids_L
24	52_26BabytDeathLifeExpect_L
25	52_27EcologicalFootprint_L
Chapter 53: Community Ecology
1	53_01InterspeciesInteract_T
2	53_02CompetLimitsNiche_L
3	53_03ResourcePartition_L
4	53_04CharacterDisplace_L
5	53_11MeasureDiversity_L
6	53_12FoodChains_L
7	53_13AntarcticFoodWeb_L
8	53_14EstuaryFoodWeb_L
9	53_15EnergyLimitFoodChain_L
10	53_16KeystonePredator_CL
11	53_17OtterKeystonPredator_L
12	53_19Facilitation_L
13	53_20LimitFactorMoisture_L
14	53_23GlacialRetreat_CL
15	53_24CommunitSuccession_CL
16	53_25EnergyWaterRichness_L
17	53_26SpeciesAreaCurve_L
18	53_27EquilibIslandBiogeog_L
19	53_28SpeciesAreaTheory_L
20	53_29CommunityHypotheses_L
21	53_UN1171BiomanipDiagram_L
Chapter 54: Ecosystems
1	54_01NutrientEnrichExper_T
2	54_02EnergyNutrientFlow_L
3	54_04NetPrimaryProduction_L
4	54_05NetPrimaryProduction_L
5	54_06LimitingNutrient_L
6	54_08EvapotranspiratNPP_L
7	54_09SaltMarShLimiting_L
8	54_10EnergyPartitioning_L
9	54_11NetProductionPyramid_L
10	54_12BiomassPyramid_L
11	54_13PopSizePyramid_L
12	54_14TrophicLevelEnergy_L
13	54_16NutrientCycling_L
14	54_17CarbonCycle_L
15	54_17NitrogenCycle_L
16	54_17PhosphorusCycle_L
17	54_17WaterCycle_L
18	54_18BiogeochemicalCycles_L
19	54_19HubbardBrook_L
20	54_21AcidPrecipitationMap_L
21	54_22AcidPrecipitationMap_L
22	54_23BiomagnificationPCB_L
23	54_24CarbonDioxGlobalTemp_L
24	54_26AnarcticOzoneLayer_L
25	54_27ChlorineOzone_L
Chapter 55: Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology
1	55_02BiodiversityLevels_L
2	55_09ExtinctionVortex_L
3	55_10PrairiChickExtinct_CL
4	55_12YellowstoneBearPop_L
5	55_17BiodiversityHotSpots_L
6	55_18ParkBioticBoundaries_L
7	55_21DisasterRecoveryTime_L
8	55_22aRestorationEcolog_CL
9	55_22bRestorationEcolog_CL
10	55_22RestorationEcology_CL
11	55_23CostaRicaHumLifeSpan_L