1. Spores develop into haploid protonemata.

2. Protonema produce "buds" that undergo mitosis.

3. Buds develop into gametophyte bearing antheridia or archegonia.

4. Sperm swims to egg in archegonium.

5. Fertilized diploid zygote develops into sporophyte embryo.

6. Sporophyte emerges from the archegonium.

7. The small sporophyte is dependent on the large gametophyte.

8. Spores develop by meiosis in sporangium whose teethlike peristome regulates spore dispersal.

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